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Formation of P-type semiconductor
A P - type semiconductor is formed when a small amount of trivalent impurity is added to pure Germenium or silicon atom crystal. The addition of trivalent impurity produces a large no. of holes tothe host crystals. To explain the formation of P - type semiconductor, let us introduce a trivalent impurity into the lattice of a pure silicon crystal. The trivalent atom has 3 valance electrons and form covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms. The 4th bond is incomplete . the trivalent atom then attracts an electron from an adjacent atom there by completing the 4th bond and forming a hole in the adjacent atom. Since a trivalent impurity atom provides 1 hole, an enormous increase occurs in the number of holes. The impure crystals so obtained is called P - type
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